package org.javaq.chartfaces.json;

/*
Copyright (c) 2002 JSON.org

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.

The Software shall be used for Good, not Evil.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
*/

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.TreeSet;

/**
 * A JSONObject is an unordered collection of name/value pairs. Its
 * external form is a string wrapped in curly braces with colons between the
 * names and values, and commas between the values and names. The internal form
 * is an object having <code>get</code> and <code>opt</code> methods for
 * accessing the values by name, and <code>put</code> methods for adding or
 * replacing values by name. The values can be any of these types:
 * <code>Boolean</code>, <code>JSONArray</code>, <code>JSONObject</code>,
 * <code>Number</code>, <code>String</code>, or the <code>JSONObject.NULL</code>
 * object. A JSONObject constructor can be used to convert an external form
 * JSON text into an internal form whose values can be retrieved with the
 * <code>get</code> and <code>opt</code> methods, or to convert values into a
 * JSON text using the <code>put</code> and <code>toString</code> methods.
 * A <code>get</code> method returns a value if one can be found, and throws an
 * exception if one cannot be found. An <code>opt</code> method returns a
 * default value instead of throwing an exception, and so is useful for
 * obtaining optional values.
 * <p>
 * The generic <code>get()</code> and <code>opt()</code> methods return an
 * object, which you can cast or query for type. There are also typed
 * <code>get</code> and <code>opt</code> methods that do type checking and type
 * coercion for you.
 * <p>
 * The <code>put</code> methods adds values to an object. For example, <pre>
 *     myString = new JSONObject().put("JSON", "Hello, World!").toString();</pre>
 * produces the string <code>{"JSON": "Hello, World"}</code>.
 * <p>
 * The texts produced by the <code>toString</code> methods strictly conform to
 * the JSON syntax rules.
 * The constructors are more forgiving in the texts they will accept:
 * <ul>
 * <li>An extra <code>,</code>&nbsp;<small>(comma)</small> may appear just
 *     before the closing brace.</li>
 * <li>Strings may be quoted with <code>'</code>&nbsp;<small>(single
 *     quote)</small>.</li>
 * <li>Strings do not need to be quoted at all if they do not begin with a quote
 *     or single quote, and if they do not contain leading or trailing spaces,
 *     and if they do not contain any of these characters:
 *     <code>{ } [ ] / \ : , = ; #</code> and if they do not look like numbers
 *     and if they are not the reserved words <code>true</code>,
 *     <code>false</code>, or <code>null</code>.</li>
 * <li>Keys can be followed by <code>=</code> or <code>=></code> as well as
 *     by <code>:</code>.</li>
 * <li>Values can be followed by <code>;</code> <small>(semicolon)</small> as
 *     well as by <code>,</code> <small>(comma)</small>.</li>
 * <li>Numbers may have the <code>0-</code> <small>(octal)</small> or
 *     <code>0x-</code> <small>(hex)</small> prefix.</li>
 * </ul>
 * @author JSON.org
 * @version 2009-03-06
 */
public final class JSONObject {

    private static final String FALSE_STRING = "false";
	private static final String TRUE_STRING = "true";
	private static final String NULL_STRING = "null";
    private static final String[] EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY = new String[0];
    private static final String NUMBER_FIRST_CHARS = ".+-0123456789";
    private static final Class<?>[] BASIC_TYPES = 
    	new Class[] {Byte.class, Short.class, Integer.class, Long.class, Float.class, 
    	Double.class, Character.class, String.class, Boolean.class};

    /**
     * JSONObject.NULL is equivalent to the value that JavaScript calls null,
     * whilst Java's null is equivalent to the value that JavaScript calls
     * undefined.
     */
     private static final class Null implements Cloneable {

		/**
         * A Null object is equal to the null value and to itself.
         * @param object    An object to test for nullness.
         * @return true if the object parameter is the JSONObject.NULL object
         *  or null.
         */
        @Override
		public boolean equals(final Object object) {
            return object == null || object == this;
        }


        /**
         * Get the "null" string value.
         * @return The string "null".
         */
        @Override
		public String toString() {
            return NULL_STRING;
        }


        /**
         * There is only intended to be a single instance of the NULL object,
         * so the clone method returns itself.
         * @return     NULL.
         */
        @Override
		public Object clone() {
            return this;
        }
        
        @Override
        public int hashCode() {
        	return 0;
        }
    }


    /**
     * It is sometimes more convenient and less ambiguous to have a
     * <code>NULL</code> object than to use Java's <code>null</code> value.
     * <code>JSONObject.NULL.equals(null)</code> returns <code>true</code>.
     * <code>JSONObject.NULL.toString()</code> returns <code>"null"</code>.
     */
    public static final Object NULL = new Null();


    /**
     * Produce a string from a double. The string "null" will be returned if
     * the number is not finite.
     * @param  d A double.
     * @return A String.
     */
    public static String doubleToString(final double d) {
        if (Double.isInfinite(d) || Double.isNaN(d)) {
            return NULL_STRING;
        }

        // Shave off trailing zeros and decimal point, if possible.
        String s = Double.toString(d);
        if (s.indexOf('.') > 0 && s.indexOf('e') < 0 && s.indexOf('E') < 0) {
            while (s.endsWith("0")) {
                s = s.substring(0, s.length() - 1);
            }
            if (s.endsWith(".")) {
                s = s.substring(0, s.length() - 1);
            }
        }
        return s;
    }


    /**
     * Get an array of field names from a JSONObject.
     *
     * @return An array of field names, or null if there are no names.
     */
    public static String[] getNames(final JSONObject jo) {
        final int length = jo.length();
        if (length == 0) {
            return EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
        }
        final Iterator<String> i = jo.keys();
        final String[] names = new String[length];
        int j = 0;
        while (i.hasNext()) {
            names[j] = (String)i.next();
            j += 1;
        }
        return names;
    }


    /**
     * Get an array of field names from an Object.
     *
     * @return An array of field names, or null if there are no names.
     */
    public static String[] getNames(final Object object) {
        if (object == null) {
            return EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
        }
        final Class<? extends Object> klass = object.getClass();
        final Field[] fields = klass.getFields();
        final int length = fields.length;
        if (length == 0) {
            return EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
        }
        final String[] names = new String[length];
        for (int i = 0; i < length; i += 1) {
            names[i] = fields[i].getName();
        }
        return names;
    }


    /**
     * Produce a string from a Number.
     * @param  n A Number
     * @return A String.
     * @throws JSONException If n is a non-finite number.
     */
    public static String numberToString(final Number n)
            throws JSONException {
        if (n == null) {
            throw new JSONException("Null pointer");
        }
        JSONObject.testValidity(n);

        // Shave off trailing zeros and decimal point, if possible.
        String s = n.toString();
        if (s.indexOf('.') > 0 && s.indexOf('e') < 0 && s.indexOf('E') < 0) {
            while (s.endsWith("0")) {
                s = s.substring(0, s.length() - 1);
            }
            if (s.endsWith(".")) {
                s = s.substring(0, s.length() - 1);
            }
        }
        return s;
    }


    /**
     * Produce a string in double quotes with backslash sequences in all the
     * right places. A backslash will be inserted within </, allowing JSON
     * text to be delivered in HTML. In JSON text, a string cannot contain a
     * control character or an unescaped quote or backslash.
     * @param string A String
     * @return  A String correctly formatted for insertion in a JSON text.
     */
    public static String quote(final String string) {
        if (string == null || string.length() == 0) {
            return "\"\"";
        }

        char         b;
        char         c = 0;
        int          i;
        final int    len = string.length();
        final StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(len + 4);
        String       t;

        sb.append('"');
        for (i = 0; i < len; i += 1) {
            b = c;
            c = string.charAt(i);
            switch (c) {
            case '\\':
            case '"':
                sb.append('\\');
                sb.append(c);
                break;
            case '/':
                if (b == '<') {
                    sb.append('\\');
                }
                sb.append(c);
                break;
            case '\b':
                sb.append("\\b");
                break;
            case '\t':
                sb.append("\\t");
                break;
            case '\n':
                sb.append("\\n");
                break;
            case '\f':
                sb.append("\\f");
                break;
            case '\r':
                sb.append("\\r");
                break;
            default:
                if (c < ' ' || (c >= '\u0080' && c < '\u00a0') ||
                               (c >= '\u2000' && c < '\u2100')) {
                    t = "000" + Integer.toHexString(c);
                    sb.append("\\u" + t.substring(t.length() - 4));
                } else {
                    sb.append(c);
                }
            }
        }
        sb.append('"');
        return sb.toString();
    }


    /**
     * Try to convert a string into a number, boolean, or null. If the string
     * can't be converted, return the string.
     * @param s A String.
     * @return A simple JSON value.
     */
    public static Object stringToValue(final String s) {
        if (s.equals("")) {
            return s;
        }
        if (s.equalsIgnoreCase(TRUE_STRING)) {
            return Boolean.TRUE;
        }
        if (s.equalsIgnoreCase(FALSE_STRING)) {
            return Boolean.FALSE;
        }
        if (s.equalsIgnoreCase(NULL_STRING)) {
            return JSONObject.NULL;
        }

        /*
         * If it might be a number, try converting it. We support the 0- and 0x-
         * conventions. If a number cannot be produced, then the value will just
         * be a string. Note that the 0-, 0x-, plus, and implied string
         * conventions are non-standard. A JSON parser is free to accept
         * non-JSON forms as long as it accepts all correct JSON forms.
         */

        final char b = s.charAt(0);
        if (isFirstCharInNumber(b)) {
            if (b == '0') {
                if (s.length() > 2 &&
                        (s.charAt(1) == 'x' || s.charAt(1) == 'X')) {
                    try {
                    	// HEX number
                        return Integer.parseInt(s.substring(2), 16);
                    } catch (final NumberFormatException e) {
                        /* Ignore the error */
                    }
                } else {
                    try {
                    	// Octet number
                        return Integer.parseInt(s, 8);
                    } catch (final NumberFormatException e) {
                        /* Ignore the error */
                    }
                }
            }

            if (s.indexOf('.') > -1 || s.indexOf('e') > -1 || s.indexOf('E') > -1) {
                return Double.valueOf(s);
            } else {
                final Long myLong = new Long(s);
                if (myLong.longValue() == myLong.intValue()) {
                    return myLong.intValue();
                } else {
                    return myLong;
                }
            }
        }
        return s;
    }


	private static boolean isFirstCharInNumber(final char b) {
		return NUMBER_FIRST_CHARS.indexOf(b) > -1;
	}


    static boolean isStandardProperty(final Class<? extends Object> clazz) {
        boolean returns = clazz.isPrimitive();
        for (int i = 0; (!returns) || (i < BASIC_TYPES.length); i++) {
        	returns = returns || clazz.isAssignableFrom(BASIC_TYPES[i]);
        }
        
        return returns;
    }


    /**
     * Throw an exception if the object is an NaN or infinite number.
     * @param o The object to test.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException If o is a non-finite number.
     */
    static void testValidity(final Object o) {
        if (o != null) {
            if (o instanceof Double) {
                if (((Double)o).isInfinite() || ((Double)o).isNaN()) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("JSON does not allow non-finite numbers.");
                }
            } else if (o instanceof Float && (((Float)o).isInfinite() || ((Float)o).isNaN())) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("JSON does not allow non-finite numbers.");
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Make a JSON text of an Object value. If the object has an
     * value.toJSONString() method, then that method will be used to produce
     * the JSON text. The method is required to produce a strictly
     * conforming text. If the object does not contain a toJSONString
     * method (which is the most common case), then a text will be
     * produced by other means. If the value is an array or Collection,
     * then a JSONArray will be made from it and its toJSONString method
     * will be called. If the value is a MAP, then a JSONObject will be made
     * from it and its toJSONString method will be called. Otherwise, the
     * value's toString method will be called, and the result will be quoted.
     *
     * <p>
     * Warning: This method assumes that the data structure is acyclical.
     * @param value The value to be serialized.
     * @return a printable, displayable, transmittable
     *  representation of the object, beginning
     *  with <code>{</code>&nbsp;<small>(left brace)</small> and ending
     *  with <code>}</code>&nbsp;<small>(right brace)</small>.
     * @throws JSONException If the value is or contains an invalid number.
     */
    static String valueToString(final Object value) throws JSONException {
        if (value == null) {
            return "null";
        }
        if (value instanceof JSONString) {
            Object o;
            try {
                o = ((JSONString)value).toJSONString();
            } catch (final Exception e) {
                throw new JSONException(e);
            }
            return (String)o;
        }
        if (value instanceof Number) {
            return JSONObject.numberToString((Number) value);
        }
        if (value instanceof Boolean || value instanceof JSONObject ||
                value instanceof JSONArray) {
            return value.toString();
        }
        if (value instanceof Map) {
            return newInstance((Map<?, ?>)value).toString();
        }
        if (value instanceof Collection) {
            return JSONArray.newInstance((Collection<?>)value).toString();
        }
        if (value.getClass().isArray()) {
            return JSONArray.newInstance(value).toString();
        }
        return JSONObject.quote(value.toString());
    }


    /**
     * Make a prettyprinted JSON text of an object value.
     * <p>
     * Warning: This method assumes that the data structure is acyclical.
     * @param value The value to be serialized.
     * @param indentFactor The number of spaces to add to each level of
     *  indentation.
     * @param indent The indentation of the top level.
     * @return a printable, displayable, transmittable
     *  representation of the object, beginning
     *  with <code>{</code>&nbsp;<small>(left brace)</small> and ending
     *  with <code>}</code>&nbsp;<small>(right brace)</small>.
     * @throws JSONException If the object contains an invalid number.
     */
     static String valueToString(final Object value, final int indentFactor, final int indent)
            throws JSONException {
        if (value == null) {
            return "null";
        }
        if (value instanceof JSONString) {
            return ((JSONString)value).toJSONString();
        } else if (value instanceof Number) {
            return JSONObject.numberToString((Number) value);
        } else if (value instanceof JSONObject) {
            return ((JSONObject)value).toString(indentFactor, indent);
        } else if (value instanceof JSONArray) {
            return ((JSONArray)value).toString(indentFactor, indent);
        } else if (value instanceof Map) {
            return newInstance((Map<?, ?>)value).toString(indentFactor, indent);
        } else if (value instanceof Collection) {
            return JSONArray.newInstance((Collection<?>)value).toString(indentFactor, indent);
        } else if (value.getClass().isArray()) {
            return JSONArray.newInstance(value).toString(indentFactor, indent);
        } else if (value instanceof Boolean) {
        	return value.toString();
        }
        return JSONObject.quote(value.toString());
    }

    /**
     * The map where the JSONObject's properties are kept.
     */
    private final Map<String, Object> map;


    /**
     * Construct an empty JSONObject.
     */
    private JSONObject() {
    	this.map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
    }
    
    private JSONObject(final Map<String, Object> aMap) {
    	if ( aMap == null ) {
    		this.map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
    	} else {
    		this.map = aMap;
    	}
    }
    
    public static JSONObject newInstance() {
    	return new JSONObject();
    }
    
    /**
     * Construct a JSONObject from a subset of another JSONObject.
     * An array of strings is used to identify the keys that should be copied.
     * Missing keys are ignored.
     * @param jo A JSONObject.
     * @param names An array of strings.
     * @exception JSONException If a value is a non-finite number or if a name is duplicated.
     */
    public static JSONObject newInstance(final JSONObject jo, final String... names) throws JSONException {
    	JSONObject returns = new JSONObject();
        for (final String name : names) {
            returns.putOnce(name, jo.opt(name));
        }
    	return returns;
    }

    /**
     * Construct a JSONObject from a JSONTokener.
     * @param x A JSONTokener object containing the source string.
     * @throws JSONException If there is a syntax error in the source string
     *  or a duplicated key.
     */
    public static JSONObject newInstance(final JSONTokener x) throws JSONException {
    	JSONObject returns = new JSONObject();
    	
        char c;
        String key;

        if (x.nextClean() != '{') {
            throw x.syntaxError("A JSONObject text must begin with '{'");
        }
        for (;;) {
            c = x.nextClean();
            switch (c) {
            case 0:
                throw x.syntaxError("A JSONObject text must end with '}'");
            case '}':
                return returns;
            default:
                x.back();
                key = x.nextValue().toString();
            }

            /*
             * The key is followed by ':'. We will also tolerate '=' or '=>'.
             */

            c = x.nextClean();
            if (c == '=') {
                if (x.next() != '>') {
                    x.back();
                }
            } else if (c != ':') {
                throw x.syntaxError("Expected a ':' after a key");
            }
            returns.putOnce(key, x.nextValue());

            /*
             * Pairs are separated by ','. We will also tolerate ';'.
             */

            switch (x.nextClean()) {
            case ';':
            case ',':
                if (x.nextClean() == '}') {
                    return returns;
                }
                x.back();
                break;
            case '}':
                return returns;
            default:
                throw x.syntaxError("Expected a ',' or '}'");
            }
            
            return returns;
        }
    }


    /**
     * Construct a JSONObject from a Map.
     *
     * @param map A map object that can be used to initialize the contents of
     *  the JSONObject.
     */
    public static JSONObject newInstance(final Map<String, Object> map) {
    	return new JSONObject(map);
    }


    /**
     * Construct a JSONObject from a Map.
     *
     * Note: Use this constructor when the map contains <key,bean>.
     *
     * @param map - A map with Key-Bean data.
     * @param includeSuperClass - Tell whether to include the super class properties.
     */
    public static JSONObject newInstance(final Map<String, Object> map, final boolean includeSuperClass) {
    	JSONObject returns = new JSONObject(map);
        if (map != null) {
            final Iterator<Entry<String, Object>> i = map.entrySet().iterator();
            while (i.hasNext()) {
                final Entry<String, Object> e = i.next();
                if (JSONObject.isStandardProperty(e.getValue().getClass())) {
                    returns.map.put(e.getKey(), e.getValue());
                } else {
                    returns.map.put(e.getKey(), newInstance(e.getValue(), includeSuperClass));
                }
            }
        }
        
        return returns;
    }


    /**
     * Construct a JSONObject from an Object using bean getters.
     * It reflects on all of the public methods of the object.
     * For each of the methods with no parameters and a name starting
     * with <code>"get"</code> or <code>"is"</code> followed by an uppercase letter,
     * the method is invoked, and a key and the value returned from the getter method
     * are put into the new JSONObject.
     *
     * The key is formed by removing the <code>"get"</code> or <code>"is"</code> prefix.
     * If the second remaining character is not upper case, then the first
     * character is converted to lower case.
     *
     * For example, if an object has a method named <code>"getName"</code>, and
     * if the result of calling <code>object.getName()</code> is <code>"Larry Fine"</code>,
     * then the JSONObject will contain <code>"name": "Larry Fine"</code>.
     *
     * @param bean An object that has getter methods that should be used
     * to make a JSONObject.
     */
    public static JSONObject newInstance(final Object bean) {
        JSONObject returns = new JSONObject();
        returns.populateInternalMap(bean, false);
        return returns;
    }


    /**
     * Construct a JSONObject from an Object using bean getters.
     * It reflects on all of the public methods of the object.
     * For each of the methods with no parameters and a name starting
     * with <code>"get"</code> or <code>"is"</code> followed by an uppercase letter,
     * the method is invoked, and a key and the value returned from the getter method
     * are put into the new JSONObject.
     *
     * The key is formed by removing the <code>"get"</code> or <code>"is"</code> prefix.
     * If the second remaining character is not upper case, then the first
     * character is converted to lower case.
     *
     * @param bean An object that has getter methods that should be used
     * to make a JSONObject.
     * @param includeSuperClass If true, include the super class properties.
     */
    public static JSONObject newInstance(final Object bean, final boolean includeSuperClass) {
        JSONObject returns = new JSONObject();
        returns.populateInternalMap(bean, includeSuperClass);
        return returns;
    }


    /**
     * Construct a JSONObject from an Object, using reflection to find the
     * public members. The resulting JSONObject's keys will be the strings
     * from the names array, and the values will be the field values associated
     * with those keys in the object. If a key is not found or not visible,
     * then it will not be copied into the new JSONObject.
     * @param object An object that has fields that should be used to make a
     * JSONObject.
     * @param names An array of strings, the names of the fields to be obtained
     * from the object.
     * @throws NoSuchFieldException 
     * @throws IllegalAccessException 
     * @throws SecurityException 
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException 
     */
    public static JSONObject newInstance(final Object object, final String names[]) 
    		throws IllegalAccessException, NoSuchFieldException {
        JSONObject returns = new JSONObject();
        final Class<? extends Object> c = object.getClass();
        for (final String name : names) {
        	returns.putOpt(name, c.getField(name).get(object));
        }
        return returns;
    }


    /**
     * Construct a JSONObject from a source JSON text string.
     * This is the most commonly used JSONObject constructor.
     * @param source    A string beginning
     *  with <code>{</code>&nbsp;<small>(left brace)</small> and ending
     *  with <code>}</code>&nbsp;<small>(right brace)</small>.
     * @exception JSONException If there is a syntax error in the source
     *  string or a duplicated key.
     */
    public static JSONObject newInstance(final String source) throws JSONException {
        return newInstance(new JSONTokener(source));
    }


    /**
     * Accumulate values under a key. It is similar to the put method except
     * that if there is already an object stored under the key then a
     * JSONArray is stored under the key to hold all of the accumulated values.
     * If there is already a JSONArray, then the new value is appended to it.
     * In contrast, the put method replaces the previous value.
     * @param key   A key string.
     * @param value An object to be accumulated under the key.
     * @return this.
     * @throws JSONException If the value is an invalid number
     *  or if the key is null.
     */
    public JSONObject accumulate(final String key, final Object value)
            throws JSONException {
        JSONObject.testValidity(value);
        final Object o = opt(key);
        if (o == null) {
            put(key, value instanceof JSONArray ?
                    JSONArray.newInstance().put(value) :
                    value);
        } else if (o instanceof JSONArray) {
            ((JSONArray)o).put(value);
        } else {
            put(key, JSONArray.newInstance().put(o).put(value));
        }
        return this;
    }


    /**
     * Append values to the array under a key. If the key does not exist in the
     * JSONObject, then the key is put in the JSONObject with its value being a
     * JSONArray containing the value parameter. If the key was already
     * associated with a JSONArray, then the value parameter is appended to it.
     * @param key   A key string.
     * @param value An object to be accumulated under the key.
     * @return this.
     * @throws JSONException If the key is null or if the current value
     *  associated with the key is not a JSONArray.
     */
    public JSONObject append(final String key, final Object value)
            throws JSONException {
        JSONObject.testValidity(value);
        final Object o = opt(key);
        if (o == null) {
            put(key, JSONArray.newInstance().put(value));
        } else if (o instanceof JSONArray) {
            put(key, ((JSONArray)o).put(value));
        } else {
            throw new JSONException("JSONObject[%s] is not a JSONArray.", key);
        }
        return this;
    }


    /**
     * Get the value object associated with a key.
     *
     * @param key   A key string.
     * @return      The object associated with the key.
     * @throws   JSONException if the key is not found.
     */
    public Object get(final String key) throws JSONException {
        final Object o = opt(key);
        if (o == null) {
            throw new JSONException("JSONObject[%s] not found.", JSONObject.quote(key));
        }
        return o;
    }


    /**
     * Get the boolean value associated with a key.
     *
     * @param key   A key string.
     * @return      The truth.
     * @throws   JSONException
     *  if the value is not a Boolean or the String "true" or "false".
     */
    public boolean getBoolean(final String key) throws JSONException {
        final Object o = get(key);
        if (o.equals(Boolean.FALSE) ||
                (o instanceof String &&
                ((String)o).equalsIgnoreCase(FALSE_STRING))) {
            return false;
        } else if (o.equals(Boolean.TRUE) ||
                (o instanceof String &&
                ((String)o).equalsIgnoreCase(TRUE_STRING))) {
            return true;
        }
        throw new JSONException("JSONObject[%s] is not a Boolean.", JSONObject.quote(key));
    }


    /**
     * Get the double value associated with a key.
     * @param key   A key string.
     * @return      The numeric value.
     * @throws JSONException if the key is not found or
     *  if the value is not a Number object and cannot be converted to a number.
     */
    public double getDouble(final String key) throws JSONException {
        final Object o = get(key);
        try {
            return o instanceof Number ?
                ((Number)o).doubleValue() :
                Double.valueOf((String)o).doubleValue();
        } catch (final Exception e) {
            throw new JSONException("JSONObject[%s] is not a number.", e, JSONObject.quote(key));
        }
    }


    /**
     * Get the int value associated with a key. If the number value is too
     * large for an int, it will be clipped.
     *
     * @param key   A key string.
     * @return      The integer value.
     * @throws   JSONException if the key is not found or if the value cannot
     *  be converted to an integer.
     */
    public int getInt(final String key) throws JSONException {
        final Object o = get(key);
        return o instanceof Number ?
                ((Number)o).intValue() : (int)getDouble(key);
    }


    /**
     * Get the JSONArray value associated with a key.
     *
     * @param key   A key string.
     * @return      A JSONArray which is the value.
     * @throws   JSONException if the key is not found or
     *  if the value is not a JSONArray.
     */
    public JSONArray getJSONArray(final String key) throws JSONException {
        final Object o = get(key);
        if (o instanceof JSONArray) {
            return (JSONArray)o;
        }
        throw new JSONException("JSONObject[%s] is not a JSONArray.", JSONObject.quote(key));
    }


    /**
     * Get the JSONObject value associated with a key.
     *
     * @param key   A key string.
     * @return      A JSONObject which is the value.
     * @throws   JSONException if the key is not found or
     *  if the value is not a JSONObject.
     */
    public JSONObject getJSONObject(final String key) throws JSONException {
        final Object o = get(key);
        if (o instanceof JSONObject) {
            return (JSONObject)o;
        }
        throw new JSONException("JSONObject[%s] is not a JSONObject.", JSONObject.quote(key));
    }


    /**
     * Get the long value associated with a key. If the number value is too
     * long for a long, it will be clipped.
     *
     * @param key   A key string.
     * @return      The long value.
     * @throws   JSONException if the key is not found or if the value cannot
     *  be converted to a long.
     */
    public long getLong(final String key) throws JSONException {
        final Object o = get(key);
        return o instanceof Number ?
                ((Number)o).longValue() : (long)getDouble(key);
    }


    /**
     * Get the string associated with a key.
     *
     * @param key   A key string.
     * @return      A string which is the value.
     * @throws   JSONException if the key is not found.
     */
    public String getString(final String key) throws JSONException {
        return get(key).toString();
    }

    /**
     * Determine if the JSONObject contains a specific key.
     * @param key   A key string.
     * @return      true if the key exists in the JSONObject.
     */
    public boolean has(final String key) {
        return this.map.containsKey(key);
    }


    /**
     * Determine if the value associated with the key is null or if there is
     *  no value.
     * @param key   A key string.
     * @return      true if there is no value associated with the key or if
     *  the value is the JSONObject.NULL object.
     */
    public boolean isNull(final String key) {
        return JSONObject.NULL.equals(opt(key));
    }


    /**
     * Get an enumeration of the keys of the JSONObject.
     *
     * @return An iterator of the keys.
     */
    public Iterator<String> keys() {
        return this.map.keySet().iterator();
    }


    /**
     * Get the number of keys stored in the JSONObject.
     *
     * @return The number of keys in the JSONObject.
     */
    public int length() {
        return this.map.size();
    }


    /**
     * Produce a JSONArray containing the names of the elements of this
     * JSONObject.
     * @return A JSONArray containing the key strings, or null if the JSONObject
     * is empty.
     */
    public JSONArray names() {
        final JSONArray ja = JSONArray.newInstance();
        final Iterator<String>  keys = keys();
        while (keys.hasNext()) {
            ja.put(keys.next());
        }
        return ja.length() == 0 ? null : ja;
    }


    /**
     * Get an optional value associated with a key.
     * @param key   A key string.
     * @return      An object which is the value, or null if there is no value.
     */
    public Object opt(final String key) {
        return key == null ? null : this.map.get(key);
    }


    /**
     * Get an optional boolean associated with a key.
     * It returns false if there is no such key, or if the value is not
     * Boolean.TRUE or the String "true".
     *
     * @param key   A key string.
     * @return      The truth.
     */
    public boolean optBoolean(final String key) {
        return optBoolean(key, false);
    }


    /**
     * Get an optional boolean associated with a key.
     * It returns the defaultValue if there is no such key, or if it is not
     * a Boolean or the String "true" or "false" (case insensitive).
     *
     * @param key              A key string.
     * @param defaultValue     The default.
     * @return      The truth.
     */
    public boolean optBoolean(final String key, final boolean defaultValue) {
        try {
            return getBoolean(key);
        } catch (final Exception e) {
            return defaultValue;
        }
    }


    /**
     * Get an optional double associated with a key,
     * or NaN if there is no such key or if its value is not a number.
     * If the value is a string, an attempt will be made to evaluate it as
     * a number.
     *
     * @param key   A string which is the key.
     * @return      An object which is the value.
     */
    public double optDouble(final String key) {
        return optDouble(key, Double.NaN);
    }


    /**
     * Get an optional double associated with a key, or the
     * defaultValue if there is no such key or if its value is not a number.
     * If the value is a string, an attempt will be made to evaluate it as
     * a number.
     *
     * @param key   A key string.
     * @param defaultValue     The default.
     * @return      An object which is the value.
     */
    public double optDouble(final String key, final double defaultValue) {
        try {
            final Object o = opt(key);
            return o instanceof Number ? ((Number)o).doubleValue() :
                Double.valueOf((String)o);
        } catch (final Exception e) {
            return defaultValue;
        }
    }


    /**
     * Get an optional int value associated with a key,
     * or zero if there is no such key or if the value is not a number.
     * If the value is a string, an attempt will be made to evaluate it as
     * a number.
     *
     * @param key   A key string.
     * @return      An object which is the value.
     */
    public int optInt(final String key) {
        return optInt(key, 0);
    }


    /**
     * Get an optional int value associated with a key,
     * or the default if there is no such key or if the value is not a number.
     * If the value is a string, an attempt will be made to evaluate it as
     * a number.
     *
     * @param key   A key string.
     * @param defaultValue     The default.
     * @return      An object which is the value.
     */
    public int optInt(final String key, final int defaultValue) {
        try {
            return getInt(key);
        } catch (final Exception e) {
            return defaultValue;
        }
    }


    /**
     * Get an optional JSONArray associated with a key.
     * It returns null if there is no such key, or if its value is not a
     * JSONArray.
     *
     * @param key   A key string.
     * @return      A JSONArray which is the value.
     */
    public JSONArray optJSONArray(final String key) {
        final Object o = opt(key);
        return o instanceof JSONArray ? (JSONArray)o : null;
    }


    /**
     * Get an optional JSONObject associated with a key.
     * It returns null if there is no such key, or if its value is not a
     * JSONObject.
     *
     * @param key   A key string.
     * @return      A JSONObject which is the value.
     */
    public JSONObject optJSONObject(final String key) {
        final Object o = opt(key);
        return o instanceof JSONObject ? (JSONObject)o : null;
    }


    /**
     * Get an optional long value associated with a key,
     * or zero if there is no such key or if the value is not a number.
     * If the value is a string, an attempt will be made to evaluate it as
     * a number.
     *
     * @param key   A key string.
     * @return      An object which is the value.
     */
    public long optLong(final String key) {
        return optLong(key, 0);
    }


    /**
     * Get an optional long value associated with a key,
     * or the default if there is no such key or if the value is not a number.
     * If the value is a string, an attempt will be made to evaluate it as
     * a number.
     *
     * @param key   A key string.
     * @param defaultValue     The default.
     * @return      An object which is the value.
     */
    public long optLong(final String key, final long defaultValue) {
        try {
            return getLong(key);
        } catch (final Exception e) {
            return defaultValue;
        }
    }


    /**
     * Get an optional string associated with a key.
     * It returns an empty string if there is no such key. If the value is not
     * a string and is not null, then it is coverted to a string.
     *
     * @param key   A key string.
     * @return      A string which is the value.
     */
    public String optString(final String key) {
        return optString(key, "");
    }


    /**
     * Get an optional string associated with a key.
     * It returns the defaultValue if there is no such key.
     *
     * @param key   A key string.
     * @param defaultValue     The default.
     * @return      A string which is the value.
     */
    public String optString(final String key, final String defaultValue) {
        final Object o = opt(key);
        return o != null ? o.toString() : defaultValue;
    }


    /**
     * Put a key/boolean pair in the JSONObject.
     *
     * @param key   A key string.
     * @param value A boolean which is the value.
     * @return this.
     * @throws JSONException If the key is null.
     */
    public JSONObject put(final String key, final boolean value) throws JSONException {
        put(key, value ? Boolean.TRUE : Boolean.FALSE);
        return this;
    }


    /**
     * Put a key/value pair in the JSONObject, where the value will be a
     * JSONArray which is produced from a Collection.
     * @param key   A key string.
     * @param value A Collection value.
     * @return      this.
     * @throws JSONException
     */
    public JSONObject put(final String key, final Collection<?> value) throws JSONException {
        put(key, JSONArray.newInstance(value));
        return this;
    }


    /**
     * Put a key/double pair in the JSONObject.
     *
     * @param key   A key string.
     * @param value A double which is the value.
     * @return this.
     * @throws JSONException If the key is null or if the number is invalid.
     */
    public JSONObject put(final String key, final double value) throws JSONException {
        put(key, Double.valueOf(value));
        return this;
    }


    /**
     * Put a key/int pair in the JSONObject.
     *
     * @param key   A key string.
     * @param value An int which is the value.
     * @return this.
     * @throws JSONException If the key is null.
     */
    public JSONObject put(final String key, final int value) throws JSONException {
        put(key, Integer.valueOf(value));
        return this;
    }


    /**
     * Put a key/long pair in the JSONObject.
     *
     * @param key   A key string.
     * @param value A long which is the value.
     * @return this.
     * @throws JSONException If the key is null.
     */
    public JSONObject put(final String key, final long value) throws JSONException {
        put(key, Long.valueOf(value));
        return this;
    }


    /**
     * Put a key/value pair in the JSONObject, where the value will be a
     * JSONObject which is produced from a Map.
     * @param key   A key string.
     * @param value A Map value.
     * @return      this.
     * @throws JSONException
     */
    public JSONObject put(final String key, final Map<?, ?> value) throws JSONException {
        put(key, newInstance(value));
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Put a key/value pair in the JSONObject. If the value is null,
     * then the key will be removed from the JSONObject if it is present.
     * @param key   A key string.
     * @param value An object which is the value. It should be of one of these
     *  types: Boolean, Double, Integer, JSONArray, JSONObject, Long, String,
     *  or the JSONObject.NULL object.
     * @return this.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException If the value is non-finite number
     *  or if the key is null.
     */
    public JSONObject put(final String key, final Object value) {
        if (key == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Null key.");
        }
        if (value != null) {
            JSONObject.testValidity(value);
            this.map.put(key, value);
        } else {
            remove(key);
        }
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Put a key/value pair in the JSONObject, but only if the key and the
     * value are both non-null, and only if there is not already a member
     * with that name.
     * @param key
     * @param value
     * @return his.
     * @throws JSONException if the key is a duplicate
     */
    public JSONObject putOnce(final String key, final Object value) throws JSONException {
        if (key != null && value != null) {
            if (opt(key) != null) {
                throw new JSONException("Duplicate key \"%s\"", key);
            }
            put(key, value);
        }
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Put a key/value pair in the JSONObject, but only if the
     * key and the value are both non-null.
     * @param key   A key string.
     * @param value An object which is the value. It should be of one of these
     *  types: Boolean, Double, Integer, JSONArray, JSONObject, Long, String,
     *  or the JSONObject.NULL object.
     * @return this.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException If the value is a non-finite number.
     */
    public JSONObject putOpt(final String key, final Object value) {
        if (key != null && value != null) {
            put(key, value);
        }
        return this;
    }


    /**
     * Remove a name and its value, if present.
     * @param key The name to be removed.
     * @return The value that was associated with the name,
     * or null if there was no value.
     */
    public Object remove(final String key) {
        return this.map.remove(key);
    }


    /**
     * Get an enumeration of the keys of the JSONObject.
     * The keys will be sorted alphabetically.
     *
     * @return An iterator of the keys.
     */
    public Iterator<String> sortedKeys() {
      return new TreeSet<String>(this.map.keySet()).iterator();
    }

    /**
     * Produce a JSONArray containing the values of the members of this
     * JSONObject.
     * @param names A JSONArray containing a list of key strings. This
     * determines the sequence of the values in the result.
     * @return A JSONArray of values.
     * @throws JSONException If any of the values are non-finite numbers.
     */
    public JSONArray toJSONArray(final JSONArray names) throws JSONException {
        if (names == null || names.length() == 0) {
            return null;
        }
        final JSONArray ja = JSONArray.newInstance();
        for (int i = 0; i < names.length(); i += 1) {
            ja.put(this.opt(names.getString(i)));
        }
        return ja;
    }


    /**
     * Make a JSON text of this JSONObject. For compactness, no whitespace
     * is added. If this would not result in a syntactically correct JSON text,
     * then null will be returned instead.
     * <p>
     * Warning: This method assumes that the data structure is acyclical.
     *
     * @return a printable, displayable, portable, transmittable
     *  representation of the object, beginning
     *  with <code>{</code>&nbsp;<small>(left brace)</small> and ending
     *  with <code>}</code>&nbsp;<small>(right brace)</small>.
     */
    @Override
	public String toString() {
        try {
            final Iterator<String>     keys = keys();
            final StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer("{");

            while (keys.hasNext()) {
                if (sb.length() > 1) {
                    sb.append(',');
                }
                final Object o = keys.next();
                sb.append(JSONObject.quote(o.toString()));
                sb.append(':');
                sb.append(JSONObject.valueToString(this.map.get(o)));
            }
            sb.append('}');
            return sb.toString();
        } catch (final Exception e) {
            return "";
        }
    }


    /**
     * Make a prettyprinted JSON text of this JSONObject.
     * <p>
     * Warning: This method assumes that the data structure is acyclical.
     * @param indentFactor The number of spaces to add to each level of
     *  indentation.
     * @return a printable, displayable, portable, transmittable
     *  representation of the object, beginning
     *  with <code>{</code>&nbsp;<small>(left brace)</small> and ending
     *  with <code>}</code>&nbsp;<small>(right brace)</small>.
     * @throws JSONException If the object contains an invalid number.
     */
    public String toString(final int indentFactor) throws JSONException {
        return toString(indentFactor, 0);
    }


    /**
      * Write the contents of the JSONObject as JSON text to a writer.
      * For compactness, no whitespace is added.
      * <p>
      * Warning: This method assumes that the data structure is acyclical.
      *
      * @return The writer.
      * @throws JSONException
      */
     public Writer write(final Writer writer) throws JSONException {
        try {
            boolean  b = false;
            final Iterator<String> keys = keys();
            writer.write('{');

            while (keys.hasNext()) {
                if (b) {
                    writer.write(',');
                }
                final Object k = keys.next();
                writer.write(JSONObject.quote(k.toString()));
                writer.write(':');
                final Object v = this.map.get(k);
                if (v instanceof JSONObject) {
                    ((JSONObject)v).write(writer);
                } else if (v instanceof JSONArray) {
                    ((JSONArray)v).write(writer);
                } else {
                    writer.write(JSONObject.valueToString(v));
                }
                b = true;
            }
            writer.write('}');
            return writer;
        } catch (final IOException e) {
            throw new JSONException(e);
        }
     }


    private void populateInternalMap(final Object bean, final boolean includeSuperFlag){
        final Class<? extends Object> klass = bean.getClass();

        /* If klass.getSuperClass is System class then force includeSuperClass to false. */

        boolean includeSuperClass = includeSuperFlag;
        if (klass.getClassLoader() == null) {
            includeSuperClass = false;
        }

        final Method[] methods = (includeSuperClass) ?
                klass.getMethods() : klass.getDeclaredMethods();
        for (final Method method : methods) {
                if (Modifier.isPublic(method.getModifiers())) {
                    final String name = method.getName();
                    String key = "";
                    if (name.startsWith("get")) {
                        key = name.substring(3);
                    } else if (name.startsWith("is")) {
                        key = name.substring(2);
                    }
                    if (key.length() > 0 &&
                            Character.isUpperCase(key.charAt(0)) &&
                            method.getParameterTypes().length == 0) {
                        if (key.length() == 1) {
                            key = key.toLowerCase();
                        } else if (!Character.isUpperCase(key.charAt(1))) {
                            key = key.substring(0, 1).toLowerCase() +
                                key.substring(1);
                        }

                        Object result;
						try {
							result = method.invoke(bean, (Object[])null);
						} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
							throw new IllegalArgumentException(e);
						} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
							throw new IllegalArgumentException(e);
						}
                        if (result == null) {
                            this.map.put(key, JSONObject.NULL);
                        } else if (result.getClass().isArray()) {
                            try {
								this.map.put(key, JSONArray.newInstance(result, includeSuperClass));
							} catch (JSONException e) {
								throw new IllegalArgumentException(e);
							}
                        } else if (result instanceof Collection) { // List or Set
                            this.map.put(key, JSONArray.newInstance((Collection<?>)result, includeSuperClass));
                        } else if (result instanceof Map) {
                            this.map.put(key, newInstance((Map<?, ?>)result, includeSuperClass));
                        } else if (JSONObject.isStandardProperty(result.getClass())) { // Primitives, String and Wrapper
                            this.map.put(key, result);
                        } else {
                            if (result.getClass().getPackage().getName().startsWith("java") ||
                                    result.getClass().getClassLoader() == null) {
                                this.map.put(key, result.toString());
                            } else { // User defined Objects
                                this.map.put(key, newInstance(result, includeSuperClass));
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
        }
    }


     /**
     * Make a prettyprinted JSON text of this JSONObject.
     * <p>
     * Warning: This method assumes that the data structure is acyclical.
     * @param indentFactor The number of spaces to add to each level of
     *  indentation.
     * @param indent The indentation of the top level.
     * @return a printable, displayable, transmittable
     *  representation of the object, beginning
     *  with <code>{</code>&nbsp;<small>(left brace)</small> and ending
     *  with <code>}</code>&nbsp;<small>(right brace)</small>.
     * @throws JSONException If the object contains an invalid number.
     */
    String toString(final int indentFactor, final int indent) throws JSONException {
        int j;
        final int n = length();
        if (n == 0) {
            return "{}";
        }
        final Iterator<String>     keys = sortedKeys();
        final StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer("{");
        final int          newindent = indent + indentFactor;
        Object       o;
        if (n == 1) {
            o = keys.next();
            sb.append(JSONObject.quote(o.toString()));
            sb.append(": ");
            sb.append(JSONObject.valueToString(this.map.get(o), indentFactor,
                    indent));
        } else {
            while (keys.hasNext()) {
                o = keys.next();
                if (sb.length() > 1) {
                    sb.append(",\n");
                } else {
                    sb.append('\n');
                }
                for (j = 0; j < newindent; j += 1) {
                    sb.append(' ');
                }
                sb.append(JSONObject.quote(o.toString()));
                sb.append(": ");
                sb.append(JSONObject.valueToString(this.map.get(o), indentFactor,
                        newindent));
            }
            if (sb.length() > 1) {
                sb.append('\n');
                for (j = 0; j < indent; j += 1) {
                    sb.append(' ');
                }
            }
        }
        sb.append('}');
        return sb.toString();
    }
}